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Countess Marianne von der Mark

1780–1814

Born
29 Jan 1780, Babelsberg
Country of birth
Germany
Died
11 Jun 1814, Paris
facts
7
sources
1
images and files
0

Facts and their sources

Tap a fact to see where it comes from.

A life in time

  1. Born · Babelsberg

    Birth, Babelsberg

  2. Died · Paris

    Death, Paris

What was it like?

The world around Babelsberg, 1780: who ruled, who else was alive, how people lived. This is general history, not a record about the family, and every item shows where it comes from.

Countess was born around the same time as Carl Friedrich Gauss, Friedrich Fröbel, and Niccolò Paganini.

Born around the same time

  • Carl Friedrich Gauss

    1777 · German mathematician and physicist (1777–1855)

  • Friedrich Fröbel

    1782 · German educator

  • Niccolò Paganini

    1782 · Italian violinist and composer (1782–1840)

  • Daniel François Esprit Auber

    1782 · French composer (1782-1871)

  • John Field

    1782 · Irish pianist, composer, and teacher

  • Martin Van Buren

    1782 · president of the United States from 1837 to 1841

Fashion

Men’s Sunday Black Coat

Working men typically wore a simple black coat called a Rock for their Sunday attire, which was usually fastened with hooks rather than buttons.

Around 1750–1774

Noble Men Preferred Wigs Over Beards

In the 18th century, noble men famously wore wigs and makeup, while facial hair was strictly shunned for most men, marking a major departure from later masculine standards.

Music

Festival courtship and entertainment

During town fairs, young men purchased sweets and confections for their sweethearts, with the lover placing the first piece into the girl's mouth. Young people also frequented local inns to enjoy dancing, singing, and string music.

Instruments used by common people

Ordinary people commonly played instruments like the fiddle, clarinet, horn, bass, hammered dulcimer, and bagpipes at dances and festivals. Occasionally, other instruments such as the harp, bassoon, oboe, flute, hurdy-gurdy, jew's harp, and zither were also used.

Getting around

Slow speeds on poor road networks

Stagecoaches traveled at a walking pace of only 4 to 5 km/h, stopping every 15 to 30 kilometers at relay stations to change horses and passengers. Due to the poor conditions of the roads, these journeys were often exhausting and prone to accidents.

Around 1750–1774

Dangers and Hardships of 18th-Century Travel

Travel was often physically demanding and dangerous, with carriages that were frequently uncomfortably sprung or unsprung, causing travelers to suffer from motion sickness or injury. Due to the poor state of roads and the threat of highwaymen, travelers often carried weapons or avoided unnecessary trips, with some prominent figures never leaving their home region.

Daily life

Cooking on open hearths without ovens

Ordinary people typically relied on open fires or basic hearths without ovens for cooking, as these were common in the region before the introduction of modern stoves around 1800. Daily meals were seasonal and often consisted of dairy products, grain-based dishes, and limited meat, with lard being used extensively.

Structured school lessons for children

Children typically began attending school at age six and received two hours of daily instruction, while older children attended for four hours in the morning. Education focused on reading, writing, arithmetic, and religious instruction, with some schools incorporating geography, nature study, and health science.

Food

Beer and bread soups were common daily fare

For servants and laborers, meals often featured a weak top-fermented beer, similar to Berliner Weiße, and bread soaked in liquid, such as milk or whey.

Coffee and cheap surrogates were daily staples

By the late 18th century, coffee became a common daily necessity for ordinary people, often mixed with cheap surrogates like chicory or roasted rye and barley to stretch the expensive beans.

Prices and wages

Wages of common Berlin workers

In Berlin during the second half of the 18th century, a journeyman tailor, mason, or carpenter typically earned 8 to 9 thalers per year. A kitchen maid earned between 8 and 18 thalers annually plus a small food allowance.

Regulation of Labor and Wages in Coburg

In the Principality of Coburg, official regulations governed the daily wages for servants, day laborers, and various craftsmen like carpenters, masons, and plasterers.

Work

Common Jobs in Rural Coburg

Common jobs in rural areas included agricultural laborers, day laborers, craftsmen like weavers, tailors, and cobblers, as well as domestic servants employed by noble estates. Many families combined small-scale farming with craft work or day labor to survive.

Daily Work Routines and Physical Toil

The working day typically began at daybreak and continued until nightfall, often requiring labor seven days a week to earn a living. Women and girls were expected to perform demanding tasks, such as threshing grain with flails and carrying up to 100 pounds of water in back-mounted tubs.

News and letters
Around 1775–1775

Postal shipping costs in 1775

In 1775, shipping a one-hundredweight parcel or carrying one person on the route between Nuremberg and Erlangen cost 1 Gulden.

Stagecoach speed at walking pace

Stagecoaches traveled at a walking pace of 4 to 5 km/h, though express coaches could eventually double or triple this speed.

During their lifetime

  1. 1783

    First human flight in 1783

    King Louis XVI hosted the first successful human flight in a hot-air balloon at Versailles, lasting 25 minutes on November 21, 1783.

  2. 1789

    Storming of the Bastille in 1789

    On July 14, 1789, Parisian citizens stormed the Bastille prison, a pivotal event that signaled the start of the French Revolution and the collapse of royal authority.

  3. 1794

    Unified Prussian civil law code enacted

    A unified civil law code for Prussia was developed, ultimately taking effect in 1794 to ensure more honest and efficient justice.

  4. 1804

    The 1804 Civil Code enactment

    The Civil Code, enacted in 1804, established a new legal framework that standardized civil laws across France, significantly impacting daily life.

  5. 1812

    Jews granted citizenship in 1812

    Prussia passed an edict that granted Jews citizenship, ending their status as protected subjects with special taxes.

Family

Parents

Ancestors and children

Open the full tree

Four generations back to the right, the children to the left. The number beside a child counts the generations of descendants known after them.