Olav V of Norway

Olav V was King of Norway from 1957 until his death in 1991.

Domestic servants' uniform requirements

Female domestic servants were required to purchase their own uniforms, which consisted of striped cotton dresses for morning chores and a black dress with a white cap and apron for afternoon duties.

Working-class menswear habits

Working-class men often wore their father's old suits for manual labor, leading to common sights of mismatched coats and trousers.

Affordable dance halls in the 1920s

During the 1920s in Glasgow, young people flocked to dance halls where they could dance for six hours for the price of sixpence. These halls were known for being fiercely respectable, and participants focused on skill and style.

Concertina music at village festivals

In the early 20th century, concertinas were widely used at house dances, village festivals, and in pubs, where dancers might even perform on farm wagons. Collectors sometimes had to be stationed at doors to ensure dancers paid the musicians, as collecting fees became harder with the popularity of round dances.

Horses ruled the early 1900s streets

Before World War One, horses dominated town streets, pulling everything from carriages and taxicabs to delivery carts and buses.

Dramatic increases in travel speed by rail

Rail travel speeds significantly outperformed earlier coaches, with journeys that took 20 hours by stagecoach in 1830 taking only five hours by train by the early 20th century. For example, in 1872, a 220-mile trip to Scotland via train and carriage took over 9.5 hours, averaging about 23 miles per hour.

Lighting in the home was rarely electric

Most late-Victorian and Edwardian families lacked electricity and relied on gas, or in rural areas, oil lamps and homemade rushlights.

Water was often collected from outside taps

Many homes lacked running water, requiring families to collect it from an outside tap shared with neighbours and heat it on the stove for bathing.

Buying Meat for Home Cooking

Because many working-class homes lacked ovens, families often bought 3/4 pound of leg of beef and 1/2 pound of beef suet for meat puddings or rissoles.

Common Drink Adulteration and Reuse

Tea was frequently re-used until all flavour was extracted, and milk was sometimes adulterated with chalk and water.

Bread prices at the century's end

By the late 19th century, bread prices declined to just above 1 penny per pound, a staple item for a subsistence-level family.

Cost of a pair of boots

A pair of workingman’s boots cost approximately 1 shilling and 3 pence to 2 shillings and 1 penny, which was often equivalent to a full day's wage for some workers.

Common Jobs and Uncertain Labour

Common jobs included agricultural labourers, coal miners, domestic servants, and factory workers, as the economy shifted from agriculture to manufacturing and service industries. Many unskilled workers were simply classified as labourers, relying on uncertain daily work at docks or quarries.

Early Morning Child Labour

In the early 1900s, some young boys rose as early as 3:00 a.m. to deliver newspapers or wake up workers before attending school. By 1918, new regulations and compulsory education to age fourteen made such extreme juvenile employment practices virtually impossible.