Stanislovas Radziminskis

d. 1591

Country of birth: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, today Poland
Died: 1591, Moscow

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sources: 1
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Facts and their sources

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Titlewojewoda podlaski, 1588–1591Confirmed2 competing claims1 source
Death1591, MoscowProbable1 source
ParentQ122937398Confirmed1 source
TitleDeputy to the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian CommonwealthConfirmed2 competing claims1 source
TitlePolish electorConfirmed2 competing claims1 source
UnionTeodora SanguszkoConfirmed1 source

A life in time

1586
Child born: Anna Radzimińska
Birth
1588–1591
Event · wojewoda podlaski
Event
1591
Died · Moscow
Death, Moscow

What was it like?

The world around Moscow, 1591: who ruled, who else was alive, how people lived. This is general history, not a record about the family, and every item shows where it comes from.

Stanislovas was wojewoda podlaski from 1588 to 1591.

Known for

Titles held

wojewoda podlaski1588–1591
Deputy to the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Polish elector

Fashion

Carrying Cash in Needle Cases

Peasant men and women working in the fields often carried small amounts of cash in purses attached to their belts, specifically in needle cases, possibly for safety. In one 1540 incident, ten men and ten women working in a meadow were robbed of items including ten belts with needle cases that contained a total of 1.5 kopa grossi.

Expensive Fur Coats and Livestock Prices

Wealthier peasants in the 16th century wore expensive sheepskin coats trimmed with beaver fur and suede, costing as much as 1.5 kopa grossi, while basic sheepskin coats cost 40 grossi. For context, a high-quality sermėga (coat) priced at 40 grossi was equivalent to the cost of two pigs or two sheep.

Music

Elite music societies in Prussian towns

Elite music societies called collegia musica were established in towns like Kwidzyn to provide polyphonic music for church services and education.

Congregational singing in native languages

Lutheran congregations participated in singing hymns and psalms in their native languages, including Polish and Lithuanian, as part of the church liturgy.

Getting around

Carriages and walking were the primary travel methods

In the late 16th century, people typically traveled by horse-drawn carriage or on foot, with foot travel and heavy carts covering roughly 25 km per day. Carriages were often four-wheeled and could be covered, though road conditions were frequently poor and could include deep sand or mud.

Challenging roads and poor lodging conditions

Deep, sandy, or muddy roads often forced travelers to stop frequently, and horses could become exhausted by heat and insects, necessitating breaks until temperatures dropped. Some travelers carried their own beds to ensure comfort when staying in poor-quality wayside inns.

Daily life

Annual family school tax

Each family was typically required to pay 8 schellings per year to support the teacher. In cases of need, this salary was supplemented by tithes.

Seasonal schooling for children

Education was seasonal because children were needed for farm work, so classes were mostly held in winter. Parents were sometimes threatened with a fine of one pound of wax if they failed to send their children to school.

Food

Meager diet of the rural peasantry

Ordinary peasants often relied on a meager diet consisting of black bread and porridge, frequently eaten without any added fat, while drinking plain water.

Ritual consumption of goat meat

Native rural populations in some areas continued to practice pagan customs, which included the ritual consumption of the roasted flesh of a goat.

Prices and wages

City Wages Surpassed Rural Earnings

Real wages for workers were significantly higher in cities like Krakow or Warsaw compared to rural areas, where serfdom and labor bonds depressed earnings.

Food Costs Dominated Household Spending

During the late 16th century, the cost of food consumed 60 to 80 percent of a worker's total wages, making nutrition the dominant expense for ordinary people.

Work

Common jobs in rural communities

The most common rural occupations were farmers, who varied by land holding size, and craftsmen such as millers, blacksmiths, and brewers. Smallholders and landless lodgers also made up a significant part of the rural population.

Guild craft production in towns

In towns, guild craftsmen worked in workshops governed by statutes that calculated production volume, often on a weekly basis, to ensure stable incomes. These guilds included bakers, butchers, and shoemakers who served local and regional markets.

News and letters

High cost of long-distance communication

Sending a dispatch from Königsberg to Rome could cost as much as 20 gold ducats, a significant expense for the time.

Messengers traveled on foot with heavy loads

In the late 16th century, postal messengers were often order brothers who traveled on foot, frequently carrying a mail sack weighing approximately 30 kg over a daily distance of about 30 kilometers.

During their lifetime

1549
Convening of the first Zemskoy Sobor
In 1549, the government convened the first Zemskoy Sobor, an assembly of representatives that brought together members of different social groups to consult on state affairs.
1550
Introduction of a new law code
In 1550, the government introduced the Sudebnik, a new code of laws that established standardized legal procedures for trials and investigations across the realm.
1569
Abolition of Prussian autonomy in 1569
In 1569, the decree of the Polish king abolished Prussian autonomy, forcing the province into the parliamentary system and imposing new taxes and military service.
1570
Deadly epidemic after 1569
A severe epidemic struck several Prussian cities, with mortality so high in Toruń that corpses were moved by the dozen in carts.

Family

Ancestors and children

Open the full tree

Four generations back to the right, the children to the left. The number beside a child counts the generations of descendants known after them.