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Maria Polyxena of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hartenburg

1663–1725

Born
17 Feb 1663, Hardenburg
Country of birth
Germany
Died
22 Apr 1725, Kirchheimbolanden
facts
9
sources
1
images and files
0

Facts and their sources

Tap a fact to see where it comes from.

A life in time

  1. Born · Hardenburg

    Birth, Hardenburg

  2. Child born: Charles Augustus of Nassau-Weilburg

    Birth, Weilburg

  3. Died · Kirchheimbolanden

    Death, Kirchheimbolanden

What was it like?

The world around Hardenburg, 1663: who ruled, who else was alive, how people lived. This is general history, not a record about the family, and every item shows where it comes from.

In Scheessel, a woman possessed about eleven different caps for various occasions, with five reserved exclusively for mourning. These caps were stored in colorful painted hatboxes.

Fashion

Eleven caps for one woman

In Scheessel, a woman possessed about eleven different caps for various occasions, with five reserved exclusively for mourning. These caps were stored in colorful painted hatboxes.

Hat with a hidden storage bag

The Scheessel Winkelmann hat was designed with a secret fabric bag inside, which allowed the wearer to carry a hymnal, bread, and a flask while on the go.

Music

Musical Cradle Devotions and Festive Processions

During Christmas, Jesuits organized cradle devotions, where a constructed cradle containing a figure of the Christ child was rocked to the sound of music. Music was also used in processions, often involving bells, trumpets, military drums, and even the discharge of muskets and cannons.

Town Musicians Performed on Diverse Instruments

Town musicians, known as Stadtpfeifer, performed on instruments like the cornett, sackbut, and various flutes at civic festivals, weddings, and funerals. They often used sets of instruments in different sizes, called consorts, including discant, alto, tenor, and bass versions.

Getting around

Mounted post speeds in Germany

Mounted postal services in Central Europe utilized horse relay stations to reach speeds of up to 84 kilometers per day, allowing the 422-kilometer journey between Cologne and Hamburg to be completed in five days.

River travel from Regensburg to Vienna

Starting in 1696, boats called 'Ordinari' transported passengers down the Danube from Regensburg to Vienna, a distance of about 450 kilometers that took at least one week.

Daily life

Dark and smoky rural homes

Rural homes often lacked chimneys, causing smoke from open hearths to fill living areas with poor air. Many houses were dark, with only small windows or simple peep-holes.

Difficult water access and pollution

Rural water access was difficult, often relying on collecting rainwater or hauling water from village wells or ditches. In some towns, polluted water was a risk because waste was simply poured onto streets and entered groundwater.

Food

Avoiding Contaminated Water

Water was rarely drunk, as people relied on beer or watered-down vinegar for safer hydration. Often, drinking water was avoided entirely due to the high risk of contamination from nearby cesspools.

Daily Porridge Habits

Because meat was expensive and rarely eaten, families often relied on a thick, long-cooking grain porridge as their primary warm meal. To stretch the food, they frequently reheated it, resulting in a thick, semi-solid consistency.

Work

Rural Dominance and Shared Household Living

About 80 to 90 percent of the population lived in rural areas, working as farmers or laborers, while town dwellers often worked in skilled crafts or trade. Rural life was dominated by subsistence farming, where families shared their homes with livestock and often rendered labor services to a landlord.

Around 1665–1665

Regulated Hours for Urban Construction Workers

Construction workers like stonecutters and carpenters worked under municipal regulations that strictly governed their daily wages and their arrival and departure times for work. These rules were officially decreed by city councils to maintain order in the building trades.

News and letters

How letters were prepared for sending

Letters were typically written on large double sheets of paper, fixed with sand instead of blotting paper, and sealed with wax. The folded letter itself served as the envelope, with the sender and recipient written directly on the outer side.

Around 1653–1653

Efforts to speed up postal routes in 1653

In 1653, dispatches between Berlin and Regensburg via Leipzig took 9 to 10 days, though Brandenburg officials proposed using express riders to cut the time to about 24 hours.

During their lifetime

  1. 1685

    Huguenot migration to Brandenburg

    The Great Elector issued the Edict of Potsdam, inviting French Huguenot refugees to settle in Brandenburg and Berlin to help rebuild the economy.

  2. 1709

    Great famine after the 1709 winter

    A severe winter caused the Bodensee to freeze completely, leading to widespread crop failures and famine across Europe.

  3. 1717

    Christmas flood kills 11,000 people

    A major storm surge on Christmas claimed over 11,000 lives along the German North Sea coast.

  4. 1717

    Compulsory education introduced in Prussia

    Prussia introduced compulsory education for children between the ages of five and twelve.

Family

Parents

Spouses

Children

Ancestors and children

Open the full tree

Four generations back to the right, the children to the left. The number beside a child counts the generations of descendants known after them.