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Princess Carolina, Marchioness of Sala

b. 1974

Born
23 Jun 1974, Nijmegen
Country of birth
Netherlands

Living person. The family sees only the name, dates and photo; everything else stays private unless they choose to share it.

facts
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sources
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images and files
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Facts and their sources

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A life in time

  1. Born · Nijmegen

    Birth, Nijmegen

What was it like?

The world around Nijmegen, 1974: who ruled, who else was alive, how people lived. This is general history, not a record about the family, and every item shows where it comes from.

Women who maintained traditional dress valued its ability to offer endless combinations, with one woman noting she owned 150 kraplappen (chest coverings).

Fashion
Around 1975–1998

Abundance in traditional wardrobes

Women who maintained traditional dress valued its ability to offer endless combinations, with one woman noting she owned 150 kraplappen (chest coverings).

Around 1975–1999

Dyeing clothes for color variety

Indonesian-Dutch women frequently faced a lack of colorful fabrics in Dutch stores, sometimes resorting to dyeing white T-shirts themselves to achieve desired colors.

Music

Normaal band performance fees

Starting in the mid-1970s, the band Normaal performed at a farm dance hall for a fee of 250 guilders per show.

Around 1975–1999

Accordion music in Dutch cafes

In Dutch cafes, performers often played the accordion to create a sense of gezelligheid, or togetherness, for patrons through singing and music.

Getting around
Around 1975–1975

Rapid growth in car ownership

In 1975, there were 260 passenger cars for every 1000 inhabitants in the Netherlands, a sharp increase from 53 cars per 1000 people in 1960.

Around 1980–1980

Reduced travel time between towns

By 1980, the average travel time between Amsterdam and one of its 59 surrounding towns was 61 minutes, down from 142 minutes in 1880.

Daily life
Around 1975–1975

Compulsory education extended to 17

The compulsory education age was raised to 17 years in 1975.

Saturday baths in shared water basins

Most homes lacked private bathrooms, so families relied on a zinc basin placed near the coal stove for Saturday night baths, with children sharing the same water.

Food

Dutch-style elbow macaroni meals

Macaroni was frequently served as a 'Dutch-style' meal, consisting of elbow pasta mixed with cubes of bologna sausage, cheese, and a dollop of ketchup or tomato puree. By the late 1970s, instant sauce packets for pasta began to appear on supermarket shelves.

Risky home fondue dining rituals

Families often enjoyed fondue at home, cooking small pieces of meat in pots of boiling oil on the table. This risky ritual often involved a spirit burner and a candle in a bottle, which could easily tip over.

Prices and wages

Work time required for milk purchase

In 1953, an industrial worker had to work eleven minutes to afford a liter of milk, whereas by 1993, that time had decreased to only four minutes.

Around 1975–1975

Grocery prices in 1975 Netherlands

In 1975, a loaf of brown bread cost 0.44 guilders, a liter of milk 0.33 guilders, and a kilogram of chicken 2.56 guilders.

Work

Challenging conditions for manual workers

During this period, many manual workers in industries like construction and docks faced harsh working conditions, with a significant portion experiencing noisy, dirty, or shift-based work. By 1974, roughly 46% of workers reported facing at least one of these difficult conditions.

Long work weeks and intense housework

A standard 48-hour work week remained common for many industrial workers during the 1950s, though it gradually decreased to around 40 hours by the 1970s. Housework was also a full-time, labor-intensive daily task, often involving manual cleaning, cooking on coal stoves, and seasonal food preservation like canning.

News and letters
Around 1976–1980

Introduction of the postal code

To automate sorting, a postal code system was introduced in 1976 for bulk mail and became mandatory for all citizens by April 1, 1980.

Around 1969–1970

Post delivery reduced to once daily

By around 1970, the Dutch post office reduced deliveries from multiple times per day to only once a day. This change was implemented because the expanding telephone network made urgent communication faster and more efficient.

During their lifetime

  1. 1975

    Large-scale migration after Surinamese independence

    Following the independence of its colony, one-third of the population of Suriname emigrated to the Netherlands.

  2. 1993

    Regulation of euthanasia by doctors

    The government officially regulated euthanasia, acknowledging a practice already estimated to account for 2% of deaths.

Family

Parents

Spouses

Ancestors and children

Open the full tree

Four generations back to the right, the children to the left. The number beside a child counts the generations of descendants known after them.