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Antenor Patiño

1896–1982

Born
1896, Oruro
Country of birth
Bolivia
Died
1982, New York City
facts
10
sources
1
images and files
0

Facts and their sources

Tap a fact to see where it comes from.

A life in time

  1. Born · Oruro

    Birth, Oruro

  2. Died · New York City

    Death, New York City

What was it like?

The world around Oruro, 1896: who ruled, who else was alive, how people lived. This is general history, not a record about the family, and every item shows where it comes from.

Antenor was born the same year as Tristan Tzara, Antonin Artaud, and Dziga Vertov.

Born the same year

  • Tristan Tzara

    Romanian-French poet (1896–1963)

  • Antonin Artaud

    French-Occitanian poet, playwright, actor and theatre director (1896-1948)

  • Dziga Vertov

    Russian-Soviet documentary/avantgarde filmmaker (1896-1954)

  • Uberto de Morpurgo

    Italian tennis player (1896–1961)

  • F. Scott Fitzgerald

    American writer (1896–1940)

  • Georgy Zhukov

    Marshal of the Soviet Union (1896-1974)

Fashion
Around 1891–1891

Indigenous dress in the Yungas region

In 1891, indigenous men in the Yungas region wore narrow trousers made of local fabric that reached just to the knee, often paired with cotton or fabric shirts. They secured these trousers with colorful sashes and carried coca bags over their left shoulders.

Chola chuquisaqueña attire in late 1800s

At the end of the 19th century, the chola chuquisaqueña typically wore a tight-fitting bodice called a jubón and long skirts known as polleras that were distinct for lacking horizontal pleats. Footwear during this period consisted of ankle boots, which were later replaced by French-heeled shoes in the early 20th century.

Music

Charangos used for travel and entertainment

The charango, a small lute often made from armadillo shells or gourds, was used by people for self-entertainment while traveling or to accompany simple songs called takikuna.

Festivals featured continuous music and dancing

Musicians played Pan flutes while walking for hours to reach a host's home for festival celebrations, where they continued to play in an almost uninterrupted sonic environment for two to three days.

Getting around

Remarkable Skill of Indigenous Packers

Indigenous packers were so skillful that fragile goods like French mirrors and fine porcelain could be transported over rough, mountainous terrain for a full month without a single fracture.

Seasonal Travel Disruptions and Mule Transport

During the rainy season, wagon roads were often destroyed by floods, forcing all inland travel to switch to muleback on more precipitous but safer mountain paths.

Daily life

Cooking over open fires with clay pots

Cooking was typically done over open wood fires using traditional clay pots, which were highly valued for the texture and flavor they imparted to food. In mission villages, people lived in cane huts with palm-thatched roofs, where even basic cooking utensils were sometimes cleaned using saliva and clothing.

Cramped housing with no running water

Mining company housing in the late 19th century was extremely cramped, with an average size of 4 by 5 or 6 meters, no running water, and no private bathrooms. Residents had to queue at neighborhood water pumps and share limited communal toilets and showers that were often unhygienic.

Food

Drinking chicha at social events

Drinking chicha, a traditional fermented beverage, was a common social activity served in cups during gatherings and dances.

Llama meat as a cheap protein

Llama meat was commonly consumed by the poorest classes in regions like Potosi because it was very cheap and resembled lean lamb in taste.

Prices and wages

Rubber worker monthly wages

Around the late 19th century, laborers in the rubber industry were hired for 15 bolivianos per month while supposedly receiving free food, though they also had to perform 90 days of unpaid work in exchange for meals.

Around 1897–1897

Cost of bread for miners

In 1897, a miner's daily budget included 0.10 bolivianos spent on bread, which was considered an expensive, highly valued food for ordinary workers in mining camps.

Work

Grueling Shifts Up to Forty-Eight Hours

Before the eight-hour workday was achieved, miners often worked twelve-hour shifts, with double shifts of twenty-four hours and sometimes even forty-eight-hour stretches known as requetedoblada. Workers spent these long hours in damp, airless, and lightless mine interiors with only short breaks for coca chewing and food.

Miners Regularly Abandoned Work for Festivals

Miners frequently abandoned their work for harvest seasons, religious festivals, or trips to exchange highland products for lowland maize. Administrators struggled with high absenteeism, often reducing operations to a skeleton crew of only the most trusted workers during carnival.

News and letters

News arrived with significant delays

Due to slow transit times, news from La Paz often reached Tarija with an 8 to 10 day delay.

Popularity of photographic visiting cards

Starting in the 1860s, people began sending photo postcards known as cartes de visite, of which they would order 20 copies to share with friends.

During their lifetime

  1. 1899

    Federalist War and indigenous rebellion

    During the 1899 Federalist War, Aymara indigenous forces led by Pablo Zárate Willka fought alongside Liberals before turning against non-indigenous populations in a massive rebellion.

  2. 1902

    Mandatory smallpox vaccination law of 1902

    In 1902, the government made smallpox vaccinations mandatory, though epidemics continued to cause many deaths due to limited access.

  3. 1903

    First automobile imported in 1903

    In 1903, Bolivia imported its first automobile, marking the beginning of motorized transport in the country.

  4. 1903

    Introduction of piped water in 1903

    Piped drinking water became available in parts of La Paz in 1903, helping modernize urban infrastructure.

  5. 1917

    U.S. Enters World War I in 1917

    In 1917, the United States formally entered World War I, leading to mass mobilization that involved 24 million men registering for the draft.

  6. 1929

    Stock Market Crashes in 1929

    The U.S. stock market crashed in 1929, leading to the Great Depression and leaving nearly one-third of American banks failed by 1933.

Family

Parents

Spouses

Ancestors and children

Open the full tree

Four generations back to the right, the children to the left. The number beside a child counts the generations of descendants known after them.