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Armand I François Jules Marie de La Rochefoucauld

1870–1963

Born
27 Feb 1870, 7th arrondissement of Paris
Country of birth
France
Died
15 Nov 1963, 7th arrondissement of Paris
facts
9
sources
1
images and files
0

Facts and their sources

Tap a fact to see where it comes from.

  • Birth27 Feb 1870, 7th arrondissement of ParisProbable1 source
  • TitleMayor of Bonnétable, 1908Confirmed2 competing claims1 source
  • TitleGeneral councillor of Sarthe, 1912–1940Confirmed2 competing claims1 source
  • Titlepresident, 1919–1962Confirmed2 competing claims1 source
  • Death15 Nov 1963, 7th arrondissement of ParisProbable1 source
  • UnionPrincess Ludwika Adela Franciszka Maria Konstancja Marcelina RadziwillConfirmed1 source

A life in time

  1. Born · 7th arrondissement of Paris

    Birth, 7th arrondissement of Paris

  2. Child born: Hedwige de la Rochefoucauld

    Birth, 7th arrondissement of Paris

  3. Event · Mayor of Bonnétable

    Event

  4. Event · General councillor of Sarthe

    Event

  5. Event · president

    Event

  6. Died · 7th arrondissement of Paris

    Death, 7th arrondissement of Paris

What was it like?

The world around 7th arrondissement of Paris, 1870: who ruled, who else was alive, how people lived. This is general history, not a record about the family, and every item shows where it comes from.

Armand was born the same year as Ivan Bunin, Jean-Baptiste Perrin, and Franz Lehár.

Known for

Titles held

  • Mayor of Bonnétable1908
  • General councillor of Sarthe1912–1940
  • president1919–1962
Born the same year

  • Ivan Bunin

    Russian writer and poet (1870–1953)

  • Jean-Baptiste Perrin

    French physicist (1870–1942)

  • Franz Lehár

    Komárom-born Austrian music composer (1870–1948)

  • Edwin Stanton Porter

    American film pioneer (1870–1941)

  • Nino Martoglio

    Italian writer (1870-1921)

  • William G. Morgan

    inventor of volleyball

Fashion

Cagliari bread seller gala dress

The gala dress of Cagliari bread sellers, or panattara, featured a massive skirt of blue silk satin worn over one or two petticoats to create a bell-shaped volume. It was completed by a striking red cloth head cloak known as a mantilla, decorated with silver thread embroidery.

Costumes as social and marital indicators

Sardinian folk costumes acted as indicators of social status, with wealth signaled by the quality and dye of the fabric, the number of buttons, or the type of metal used for finger rings. Marital status was often signaled by the color of a dress, the type of hairstyle, or a man's vest color.

Music

Songs at wool-carding gatherings

During social wool-carding gatherings, young men offered flowers to women accompanied by sung verses, with the women required to respond in kind.

The ballu tundu national dance

The ballu tundu, a circular chain dance, was the quintessential national dance of Sardinia, involving complex, secret hand pressures to coordinate movements.

Getting around

Challenges of early travel

Before railways were built, travel was often restricted to mule tracks or rudimentary roads, such as a 6-mile trip to Osilo that could only be made on horseback and took 6 hours.

Maritime travel to Sardinia

Steamers connecting Genoa to Sardinia typically took 24 to 26 hours to reach Porto Torres, and passengers landing in Cagliari were not subject to custom-house or police visits.

Daily life

Creative food preservation and tool recycling

Families preserved eggs for months by storing them in a mixture of four parts water and one part lime, leaving the storage pots permanently marked with white residue. Tools were also creatively repurposed, such as graters fashioned from old, unusable farm hoes pierced with a hot iron.

Modest homes and contaminated water supplies

In homes before electricity, families often lived in just a few square meters, using a ground floor room as a kitchen and an upstairs room for sleeping. Lacking public water pipes, residents relied on wells or public fountains, and their drinking water was often contaminated due to the absence of sewage systems.

Food

Daily Meals Based on Soup and Bread

Ordinary families typically relied on a single daily meal, often a soup (minestra) made of vegetables, potatoes, lard, or salted pork, frequently served with bread. For many, meat was an exceptional treat reserved for Sundays, holidays, or celebrations like weddings.

Frugal Breakfasts and Coffee Substitutes

Before true coffee became widespread, many families drank an infusion made from roasted chickpeas, wheat, barley, or even acorns. Breakfast was very frugal, consisting of little more than a piece of bread and occasionally a small amount of jam.

Prices and wages

High wages in Sardinia sector

Building sector workers in Sardinia earned nominal wages that were considered high compared to other regions of Italy following national unification.

Meat prices under the Second Empire

During the Second Empire, the price of a pound of meat increased from 49 to 68 centimes.

Work
Around 1860–1868

Home-based linen spinning wages

Poor women in Lombardy spun linen for 150 days a year, earning only three sous per day for their labor while working from home.

Laborer wages and living conditions

Young laborers in chemical plants earned 1.50 lire for a ten-hour workday, often living in crowded, shared dormitory halls where multiple people slept in a single bed.

During their lifetime

  1. 1873

    Gründerkrise economic crash began

    In 1873, Germany experienced the Gründerkrise, a severe economic crisis that caused significant financial instability following a period of post-unification industrial boom.

  2. 1884

    Standardized time zones adopted globally

    In 1884, global standardized time zones were introduced, largely driven by the need to synchronize railway schedules and public life in the industrialized German Empire.

  3. 1895

    Industrial workers equaled agricultural workers

    By the mid-1890s, the number of industrial workers in the German Empire grew to match those in agriculture, marking a major demographic shift toward urbanization and factory labor.

  4. 1900

    Paris Metro opens in 1900

    The first Paris metro line opened on July 14, 1900, allowing travel across the city in half an hour for 20 to 25 centimes.

  5. 1921

    Public radio broadcasting starts in 1921

    Public radio broadcasting officially began in France in 1921, with regular programs transmitted from an antenna atop the Eiffel Tower.

  6. 1944

    Women gain voting rights in 1944

    In October 1944, a government ordinance finally granted women the right to vote in France.

Family

Spouses

Children

Ancestors and children

Open the full tree

Four generations back to the right, the children to the left. The number beside a child counts the generations of descendants known after them.