Skip to content
VitrineRoyal Houses of Europe
Sign in

Prince Carlos, Hereditary Duke of Parma

b. 1970

Born
27 Jan 1970, Nijmegen
Country of birth
Netherlands

Living person. The family sees only the name, dates and photo; everything else stays private unless they choose to share it.

facts
5
sources
1
images and files
0

Facts and their sources

Tap a fact to see where it comes from.

A life in time

  1. Born · Nijmegen

    Birth, Nijmegen

What was it like?

The world around Nijmegen, 1970: who ruled, who else was alive, how people lived. This is general history, not a record about the family, and every item shows where it comes from.

Between 1950 and 1970, many Dutch religious congregations modernized their habits, eventually transitioning to civilian clothing to better connect with society. These changes were often introduced on the feast day of the congregation's patron saint.

Fashion

Modernization of Dutch religious habits

Between 1950 and 1970, many Dutch religious congregations modernized their habits, eventually transitioning to civilian clothing to better connect with society. These changes were often introduced on the feast day of the congregation's patron saint.

Around 1975–1998

Abundance in traditional wardrobes

Women who maintained traditional dress valued its ability to offer endless combinations, with one woman noting she owned 150 kraplappen (chest coverings).

Music
Around 1974–1985

Normaal band performance fees

Starting in the mid-1970s, the band Normaal performed at a farm dance hall for a fee of 250 guilders per show.

Brass Bands in Local Community Life

Brass bands were essential for community identity, performing at important village celebrations like First Communion, Saint Nicholas Day, and Queen's Day. They also acted as local music schools for villages before professional music schools were widely available.

Getting around
Around 1975–1975

Rapid growth in car ownership

In 1975, there were 260 passenger cars for every 1000 inhabitants in the Netherlands, a sharp increase from 53 cars per 1000 people in 1960.

The rise of roadside picnicking

As car ownership exploded, a new phenomenon called bermtoerisme emerged where people used road verges for recreational stops and picnics while watching passing traffic.

Daily life
Around 1975–1975

Compulsory education extended to 17

The compulsory education age was raised to 17 years in 1975.

Saturday baths in shared water basins

Most homes lacked private bathrooms, so families relied on a zinc basin placed near the coal stove for Saturday night baths, with children sharing the same water.

Food

Dutch-style elbow macaroni meals

Macaroni was frequently served as a 'Dutch-style' meal, consisting of elbow pasta mixed with cubes of bologna sausage, cheese, and a dollop of ketchup or tomato puree. By the late 1970s, instant sauce packets for pasta began to appear on supermarket shelves.

Risky home fondue dining rituals

Families often enjoyed fondue at home, cooking small pieces of meat in pots of boiling oil on the table. This risky ritual often involved a spirit burner and a candle in a bottle, which could easily tip over.

Prices and wages

Work time required for milk purchase

In 1953, an industrial worker had to work eleven minutes to afford a liter of milk, whereas by 1993, that time had decreased to only four minutes.

Around 1975–1975

Grocery prices in 1975 Netherlands

In 1975, a loaf of brown bread cost 0.44 guilders, a liter of milk 0.33 guilders, and a kilogram of chicken 2.56 guilders.

Work

Challenging conditions for manual workers

During this period, many manual workers in industries like construction and docks faced harsh working conditions, with a significant portion experiencing noisy, dirty, or shift-based work. By 1974, roughly 46% of workers reported facing at least one of these difficult conditions.

Long work weeks and intense housework

A standard 48-hour work week remained common for many industrial workers during the 1950s, though it gradually decreased to around 40 hours by the 1970s. Housework was also a full-time, labor-intensive daily task, often involving manual cleaning, cooking on coal stoves, and seasonal food preservation like canning.

News and letters

Post delivery reduced to once daily

By around 1970, the Dutch post office reduced deliveries from multiple times per day to only once a day. This change was implemented because the expanding telephone network made urgent communication faster and more efficient.

Around 1976–1980

Introduction of the postal code

To automate sorting, a postal code system was introduced in 1976 for bulk mail and became mandatory for all citizens by April 1, 1980.

During their lifetime

  1. 1975

    Large-scale migration after Surinamese independence

    Following the independence of its colony, one-third of the population of Suriname emigrated to the Netherlands.

  2. 1993

    Regulation of euthanasia by doctors

    The government officially regulated euthanasia, acknowledging a practice already estimated to account for 2% of deaths.

Family

Parents

Spouses

Ancestors and children

Open the full tree

Four generations back to the right, the children to the left. The number beside a child counts the generations of descendants known after them.