Countess Marie-Jenke Keglevich of Buzin

Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria was the son of the last crown prince of Bavaria, Rupprecht, and his first wife, Duchess Marie Gabrielle in Bavaria. He was the only child from that marriage who reached adulthood. His paternal grandfather was Ludwig III of Bavaria, the last king of Bavaria, who was deposed in 1918.

Strict social rules for urban women's dress

In 1911, women who dared to wear culottes on a Budapest promenade were subject to catcalls from the public. Proper ladies were expected to wear corsets when outside the home and even wore stockings with their bathing suits until 1925.

Peasant women's layered skirts and barefoot travel

Peasant women wore up to ten wide, knee-length skirts, often swaying their hips to make them swing when walking. On workdays, they often went barefoot and carried their boots on their backs until reaching town.

Everyday home music with the zither

The zither was found in nearly every household and was a primary instrument for dancing at Sunday gatherings and during winter evenings. Peasants often made these instruments themselves using simple woodworking skills.

Hurdy-gurdy musicians and their named instruments

Hurdy-gurdy players were often poor day-laborers who earned money, food, and drink for performing at taverns and pig-killing feasts. It was common for men to give their instruments female nicknames like Bozsi or Kati.

Horse-drawn carriages remained common for local travel

For short-distance and local travel, ordinary people still frequently used horse-drawn carriages or coaches instead of motorized transport.

Loading produce could delay trains significantly

In 1936, a morning train to the Kecskemét market town stopped for 22 minutes at Jakabszállás just to load produce from local farmers.

Massive school construction program

To fight illiteracy, the government built 5,000 new elementary schools and teachers' homes in the 1920s, significantly improving rural education.

Bathing fees and maintenance in municipal housing

Residents of some municipal housing estates could pay 30 fillér to the bath supervisor for cleaning the bathtub and stove after use, or perform the task themselves.

Children frequently skipped supper

Peasant families typically ate three meals a day, but children were often sent to bed without supper with the instruction to go to sleep. To compensate, many children would forage or steal vegetables, fruits, and poultry.

Eggs and milk for dowries

Poultry was kept primarily to produce eggs, which mothers often sold to earn petty cash for their daughters' dowries. Milk and dairy products were also produced and sold for the same financial purpose.

Agricultural workers' wages and benefits

In 1920, the annual wages of permanent agricultural workers ranged from 400 to 500 crowns, supplemented by payments in kind including bacon, beans, salt, and a pair of boots or cash.

Severe decline in purchasing power

By autumn 1922, the purchasing power of a Hungarian worker's daily wage had collapsed, allowing for the purchase of only 2.9 kg of bread compared to 9.8 kg before the war.

Common jobs in Hungarian urban workforce

The most common jobs for the urban working class included positions in industry, which employed half of the workers, followed by domestic service at 15 percent and day labor at 10 percent.

Long days for seasonal workers

Seasonal agricultural workers, or summas, often worked from sunrise to sunset, a schedule that could exceed 16 hours a day during the summer.