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Barbara Szembeck

1709–1762

Born
1709, Kraków
Country of birth
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, today Poland
Died
18 May 1762, Versailles
facts
5
sources
1
images and files
0

Facts and their sources

Tap a fact to see where it comes from.

  • Birth1709, KrakówProbable1 source
  • Death18 May 1762, VersaillesProbable1 source

A life in time

  1. Born · Kraków

    Birth, Kraków

  2. Child born: François Xavier Joseph de Lowendal

    Birth, Warsaw

  3. Died · Versailles

    Death, Versailles

What was it like?

The world around Kraków, 1709: who ruled, who else was alive, how people lived. This is general history, not a record about the family, and every item shows where it comes from.

In Biskupizna, women complemented their daily and festive outfits with high-value coral necklaces and wore wooden clogs for footwear.

Fashion

Coral necklaces and wooden clogs

In Biskupizna, women complemented their daily and festive outfits with high-value coral necklaces and wore wooden clogs for footwear.

Festive clothing regardless of heat

To manifest their status during feast days, peasants sometimes wore wadded caftans and fustian skirts even in the summer, regardless of the intense heat.

Music

Carnival Sleigh Rides and Masquerade Balls

During the carnival season, noblemen organized sleigh rides from mansion to mansion, accompanied by musicians playing dance music; these festivities included balls where guests sometimes wore costumes of peasants, Jews, and Gypsies.

Easter Wishing Songs in Podlasie

On Easter, groups of men went house to house singing wishing songs called konopielki for girls and wołoczebne for the household, often following a performance of the song Christ is Risen.

Getting around

Waterways as Efficient Travel Routes

Water travel was often faster and more comfortable than land travel; for example, Tsar Peter I covered 370 kilometers in 8 days by boat in 1709, averaging about 46 kilometers per day.

Slow Daily Travel Pace

Land journeys were slow and difficult, averaging only 25 to 30 kilometers per day for most travelers, often due to poor roads and lack of comfortable inns.

Daily life

Dining customs and table utensils

People ate primarily from shared wooden bowls using their fingers or wooden spoons, as individual plates and forks were rare; guests were often expected to bring their own knife and spoon to a feast. Glassware and fine ceramics only began to replace traditional metal cups and dishes during the 18th century.

Heating and housing of the poor

Most peasant homes were simple huts, sometimes lacking chimneys, where smoke escaped through roof openings, while wealthier households used tile stoves and fireplaces for heating. Many poorer people lived in houses where they shared space with their animals, or in primitive earthen dwellings after wartime destruction.

Food

Annual alcohol consumption habits

Ordinary citizens typically drank about 3 liters of vodka and 60 liters of weak beer annually, with beer often consumed in substantial quantities without set limits.

Common morning and breakfast drinks

Warm beer mixed with ginger, sugar, and eggs was a common morning drink, while coffee was initially rare and often consumed by the less affluent as a mixture of roasted peas, chicory, or grains.

Prices and wages

Diet of the moderately wealthy town dweller

A typical moderately wealthy town dweller consumed grain-based products like bread, groats, and noodles more frequently than peasants, while meat was rarely eaten by them.

Huge inequality in food consumption

While ordinary townspeople struggled to afford meat, magnate courts consumed massive quantities of food, such as 15 sheep and 5 oxen or heifers weekly.

Work

Daily rhythms and basic diet

Daily life was dictated by sunrise and sunset, and an average person consumed about one kilogram of bread and two to three liters of beer daily.

Mandatory unpaid labor on estates

Peasants often owed mandatory, unpaid labor called panszczyzna, which required them to work on the lord's fields for several days each week using their own tools and draught animals.

News and letters

Efficient Postal Service and Swift Delivery Times

In the early 18th century, the postal service was surprisingly fast and efficient, with mail between Warsaw and Dresden taking about six days, though this time was later reduced to three days thanks to a messenger relay.

Infrequent Postal Service to Vilnius

At the beginning of the 18th century, the regular postal service between Warsaw and Vilnius operated only every 14 days.

During their lifetime

  1. 1709

    The Great Winter of 1709

    The Great Winter of 1709 brought extreme cold and severe famine to France, marking one of the century's worst economic crises.

  2. 1716

    Foundation of Law's Bank in 1716

    John Law established the Banque Générale in 1716, which later issued paper bank notes guaranteed by the king to stimulate the economy.

  3. 1717

    Silent Sejm of 1717

    The 1717 Silent Sejm limited the Commonwealth's army to 24,000 troops, marking the formal beginning of long-term Russian political supremacy over the Polish-Lithuanian state.

  4. 1720

    The Great Plague of Marseilles

    The Great Plague of Marseilles, the last major plague epidemic in France, devastated the region between 1720 and 1721.

  5. 1723

    New Warsaw trading house, 1723

    A major trading house was established in Warsaw by French Huguenots in 1723, marking an early sign of economic recovery and industrial development.

  6. 1738

    Introduction of road labor corvee

    In 1738, the crown introduced the corvee, a system of forced labor requiring peasants to build and maintain the royal roads.

Family

Spouses

Children

Ancestors and children

Open the full tree

Four generations back to the right, the children to the left. The number beside a child counts the generations of descendants known after them.