Prince Rainier, 6th Prince of Koháry

Prince Rainer Maria Joseph Florian Ignatius Michael Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in German: Rainer Maria Joseph Florian Ignatius Michael Gabriel Raphael Gonzaga, Prinz von Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha.

The Inseparable Leather Torba

Men traditionally carried a leather bag called a torba, which was an inseparable companion used to hold items like tobacco, a pipe, a knife, food, and money, and it was kept on even during church services.

Formal Shirt-Sleeves for Feasts

Peasant men considered it essential to show good manners on feast days by taking off their coats indoors and eating in their white shirt-sleeves, which were considered an important part of their holiday dress.

Popularity of the Zither in Zagreb

The zither was a popular domestic instrument in Zagreb, with specialized clubs and private instruction, often featuring arrangements of works by composers like Schubert and Chopin. Its popularity declined rapidly after the collapse of the Monarchy in 1918.

Rise of the Tamburica Ensemble

The tamburica grew in popularity among both rural and urban populations, played by amateur associations and small professional ensembles at taverns and festivals. By the early 1900s, there were about fifty such tamburica societies in the region.

Steamship Discounts for Children

In 1876, a steamship trip between Koper and Trieste cost less for children, who received a 50% discount on the ticket.

Pushing trains and greased tracks

Travelers at the time were sometimes forced to push the train themselves on steep sections because locomotives could not handle the incline, or wait while children greased the tracks with figs.

Compulsory schooling and high drop-out rates

Although four years of elementary education were compulsory, many girls dropped out after two years to work at home, resulting in a 47% illiteracy rate for ten-year-old girls in 1900.

Boiling milk with heated stones

Cooking in mountain areas sometimes involved heating stones in a fire and dropping them into wooden bowls of milk to make it boil without an open flame.

Diet of ordinary families in Croatia

Ordinary families relied on basic foods like cereals and milk, with meat, such as pork or poultry, typically reserved for Sundays, feasts, or heavy labor. Daily meals often consisted of porridge, beans, potatoes, and vegetables seasoned with onion and garlic.

Boiling milk with hot stones

Mountain shepherds in the 19th century heated milk in wooden bowls by dropping red-hot stones taken from an open fire directly into the liquid. This technique brought the milk to a boil within a few minutes.

Cost of rye bread in Vienna

In Vienna, a loaf of rye bread typically weighing 1.5 kilograms cost between 40 and 45 hellers.

Worker weekly wages in Vienna

Before the war, a skilled shoemaker in Vienna typically earned between 4 and 6 dollars per week, while some exceptionally skilled workers could make 7 to 8 dollars weekly.

Agriculture was the primary occupation

At the turn of the 20th century, approximately 82 percent of the population in Croatia-Slavonia worked in agriculture. Most households were small family farms of five hectares or less where women performed tasks like milking cows, tending poultry, and processing flax or hemp.

Daily life of a peasant woman

A peasant woman on a small farm often acted as the first member of the household to rise and the last to go to bed. She was responsible for cooking, raising children, making clothes, and even carrying water into the home.