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Marie-Jeanne de Saxe

1860–1861

Born
19 Jun 1860, Dresden
Country of birth
Kingdom of Saxony, today Germany
Died
1861, Dresden
facts
8
sources
1
images and files
0

Facts and their sources

Tap a fact to see where it comes from.

A life in time

  1. Born · Dresden

    Birth, Dresden

  2. Died · Dresden

    Death, Dresden

What was it like?

The world around Dresden, 1860: who ruled, who else was alive, how people lived. This is general history, not a record about the family, and every item shows where it comes from.

Marie-Jeanne was born around the same time as Max Planck, Wilhelm II, and Rabindranath Tagore.

Born around the same time

  • Max Planck

    1858 · German theoretical physicist (1858–1947)

  • Wilhelm II

    1859 · as King of Prussia last German Emperor from 1888 to 1918 (1859–1941)

  • Rabindranath Tagore

    1861 · Bengali poet, philosopher and polymath (1861–1941)

  • Giacomo Puccini

    1858 · Italian opera composer (1858–1924)

  • Claude Debussy

    1862 · French classical composer (1862–1918)

  • Charles Scott Sherrington

    1857 · English footballer, neurophysiologist and Nobel Prize recipient (1857–1952)

Fashion

Children's Footwear in Rural Areas

While better-off families could afford varied clothes, children of the impoverished often went barefoot over stone and stubble during the summer months.

Creative Sewing to Save Fabric

To save money on expensive fabrics, rural women often sewed a piece of linen into the hidden parts of their dresses that were covered by an apron, a practice known as Magsachte.

Music

Music and dance at public festivals

Popular festivities like shooting festivals and local fairs were central to social life, while the educated classes attended balls, concerts, and theater performances.

Rise of male choirs and music festivals

The 19th century saw a massive surge in male choirs, known as Liedertafel, which moved from private social gatherings to public music festivals.

Getting around

Limitations of mail-coach travel

Before railways became dominant, mail-coaches reached speeds of 8 to 12.7 km/h, but their daily range was limited to around 100 kilometers due to frequent stops, meals, and border controls.

Around 1870–1870

Costly travel between Prussian villages

While railways connected major cities, travel between Prussian villages often required hiring traps, which could cost more for a short trip than a full railway journey between cities like Berlin and Dresden.

Daily life

Compulsory schooling and kindergarten costs

Children were required to attend school from ages six to fourteen, often carrying books in long tin satchels. In model kindergartens, families could pay fees between sixpence and three shillings a month for care and meals.

Food

Alcohol as a Daily Staple

Schnapps, distilled cheaply from potatoes, became a daily staple for the poor alongside sugar-sweetened coffee. Beer was also consumed, and by the later part of the period, the invention of bottled beer with swing stoppers made it more accessible.

Potatoes and Bread as Staples

Working-class families relied heavily on potatoes and rye bread as their staple diet, often eating potatoes two or three times a day. Eggs and butter were considered expensive luxuries, with some workers rarely, if ever, having access to an egg.

Prices and wages

Wages and shoes for farm servants

Farm servants received low cash wages, often supplemented by essential goods. A farm maid earned 18–24 Thalers annually and might receive a pair of shoes as part of her compensation.

Around 1852–1853

Survival budget for a rural family

In the early 1850s, a rural worker's family of five needed approximately 76 Thalers annually for basic survival. A typical male day laborer could earn about 8 Mariengroschen per day during peak harvest months.

Work

A monotonous and unappealing diet

While working as a brickyard finisher, one laborer reported that his daily meal consisted of nothing but peas, which caused him to feel queasy even years later.

Grueling 18-hour workdays on Prussian farms

In eastern Prussia, a standard summer workday for farm laborers often stretched from 3 a.m. to 9 p.m. or later, totaling 18 to 19 hours including short rest breaks.

News and letters
Around 1865–1874

Pneumatic tube mail in Berlin

Starting in 1865, Berlin introduced a pneumatic tube system where metal canisters carrying messages were shot through underground pipes at 40 to 50 km/h, aiming for delivery within one hour.

Family

Parents

Ancestors and children

Open the full tree

Four generations back to the right, the children to the left. The number beside a child counts the generations of descendants known after them.